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Category: Report

  • Primary Health Care Systems: Georgia case study

    Curatio International Foundation publishes Georgia case study of primary health care system (PRIMASYS). The PRIMASYS case study covers key aspects of primary health care system, including policy development and implementation, financing, integration of primary health care into comprehensive health systems, scope, quality and coverage of care, governance and organization, and monitoring and evaluation of system performance.

    The PRIMASYS case study applied a framework looking at how the primary health care system works and what factors (both contextual and related to policy changes) have influenced access to and performance of primary health care in Georgia since 1994. Documents review and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders were conducted in 2017 in order to understand barriers and facilitators of the system reforms in Georgia.

    Georgia PRIMASYS case study emphasizes that Georgia’s health care system has undergone radical reforms over the last two decades, significantly influenced by external drivers such as political dynamics, macroeconomic factors, international partners’ involvement and internal processes.

    The current PHC system in Georgia offers accessible and affordable services to the population, with differentiated benefits to those in greater need. However, the system still requires significant improvements to achieve its ultimate goal of delivering comprehensive, continuous and people-centered care.

    Georgia PRIMASYS case study was part of the series of 20 PRIMASYS case studies globally developed with the support of the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research in collaboration with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The case studies will serve as the basis for a multi-country analysis of primary health care systems, to understand the systems-level determinants of primary health care performance, and to draw cross-cutting lessons learned in the implementation of primary health care policies and systems reforms and interventions.

    Download the full report.

  • Integrated Bio-behavioral surveillance and population size estimation survey among Female Sex Workers in Tbilisi and Batumi, Georgia

    This study represents the subsequent wave of Bio-Behavioral Surveillance Surveys (BBS) surveys undertaken among Female Sex Workers (FSW) since 2002. The current study was conducted in 2017 using the Time-Location Sampling technique and 350 FSWs was recruited in total in two survey locations – 200 in Tbilisi and 150 – in Batumi. The objective of the 2017 BBS was to measure the prevalence of HIV, Hepatitis C, Gonorrhea and Syphilis among FSWs, provide measurements of key HIV risk behaviors and generate evidence for advocacy and policy-making.

    Also available:  1. HIV risk and prevention behaviors among People Who Inject Drugs in six cities, Georgia, 2017

    2. Population Size Estimation of People who Inject Drugs in Georgia 2016-2017

    The first ever FSWs population size estimation survey took place in 2014, in combination with the Bio-BSS survey. The study was implemented within the GFATM-funded project “Behavioural and Biological  Surveillance and Population Size Estimation Surveys among key populations (Injecting Drug Users, female Commercial Sex Workers) conducted by Curatio International Foundation, Center for Information and Counseling on Reproductive Health – Tanadgoma. Biomarker component for BBS was implemented by the Infectious Disease, AIDS and Clinical Immunology Research Center.

    Download the full report here.

     

    Related Content:
    1. HIV risk and prevention behavior among Female Sex Workers in two cities of Georgia – Bio-Behavioral Surveillance Survey with Population Size Estimation in Tbilisi and Batumi, 2014
    2. HIV risk and prevention behavior among Female Sex Workers in two cities of Georgia, 2012
    3. Bio-Behavioral Surveillance Survey among People Who Inject Drugs in 7 cities of Georgia, 2015
    4. HIV prevalence and risk behaviors among key populations- Study Findings Published, 2012
  • HIV risk and prevention behaviors among People Who Inject Drugs in seven cities of Georgia, 2017

    Curatio International Foundation together with Bemoni Public Union has conducted HIV prevalence and risk behaviors survey among People Who Inject Drugs in Georgia.

    Also available: Population Size Estimation of People who Inject Drugs in Georgia 2016-2017

    Current study represents the latest wave of Bio-Behavioral Surveillance Surveys among People Who Inject Drugs. Objective of the study was to measure prevalence of HIV and Hepatitis C among PWID, provide measurements of key  risk behaviors and generate evidence for advocacy and policy-making.

    The study used a cross-sectional study design. 2 050 injecting drug users aged 18 years or more were recruited using respondent-driven sampling in seven major cities of Georgia: Tbilisi, Gori, Telavi, Zugdidi, Batumi, Kutaisi and Rustavi.

    The document represents the research results in the following directions:

    • Socio-Demographic Characteristics
    • Drug Use History
    • Drug Use Risk Behavior
    • Knowledge of HIV/AIDS, Testing Practice and Self-Risk Assessment
    • Sexual Behavior
    • Exposure to Drug and HIV Prevention Programs and Social Influence
    • Prevalence of HIV and Hepatitis C

    In addition the study measured facilitating and hindering factors related to Hepatitis C testing and treatment. Also, the study estimated Opioid dependence among PWID.

    Full report is available here.

    The study was financially supported by the Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria.

     

    Related Content:
    1. Barriers and Facilitators to Screening and Treatment of HCV among IV drug-users in the Republic of Georgia: A Formative Qualitative Study
    2. Bio-Behavioral Surveillance Survey among People Who Inject Drugs in 7 cities of Georgia, 2015
    3. Article: Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence and risk determinants among people who inject drugs in the Republic of Georgia
    4. HIV prevalence and risk behaviors among key populations- Study Findings Published, 2012
    5. Population Size Estimation of People Who Inject Drugs in Georgia, 2015
    6. Population Size Estimation of Men Who Have Sex with Men in Georgia, 2014
  • Barriers and Facilitators to Adherence to Treatment Among Drug Resistant TB Patients in Georgia

    [vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Tuberculosis is a global challenge to public health throughout the world. Poor adherence to treatment remains a significant problem that prevents countries from obtaining high treatment success rates that is essential for health systems to control the epidemic and decrease spread of the disease.

    In 2016 Curatio International Foundation conducted a qualitative study to investigate factors that enhance or hinder treatment adherence among Drug Resistant TB patients (DR-TB) in Georgia. The study revealed different types of factors affecting treatment adherence among DR-TB patients and grouped them into structural, social, personal and health system factors according to the study conceptual framework. The study made it clear that all factors are closely interlinked and mutually influence each other.

    The study provides evidence that may help policy-makers develop effective strategies for improving treatment outcomes among DR-TB patients. The study findings might be helpful for other countries in the region where TB burden is also high.

    The study report and policy brief is downloadable below:[/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row parallax_image=”” columns_type=”default” section=”” full_screen=”” vertical_centering=”” full_width=”” full_height=”” background=”” bg_color_info=”” img=”” parallax=”” parallax_bg_width=”110″ parallax_reverse=”” video=”” bg_type=”” parallax_style=”” bg_image_new=”” layer_image=”” bg_image_repeat=”” bg_image_size=”” bg_cstm_size=”” bg_img_attach=”” parallax_sense=”” bg_image_posiiton=”” animation_direction=”” animation_repeat=”” video_url=”” video_url_2=”” u_video_url=”” video_opts=”” video_poster=”” u_start_time=”” u_stop_time=”” viewport_vdo=”” enable_controls=”” bg_override=”” disable_on_mobile_img_parallax=”” parallax_content=”” parallax_content_sense=”” fadeout_row=”” fadeout_start_effect=”” enable_overlay=”” overlay_color=”” overlay_pattern=”” overlay_pattern_opacity=”” overlay_pattern_size=”” overlay_pattern_attachment=”” multi_color_overlay=”” multi_color_overlay_opacity=”” seperator_enable=”” seperator_type=”” seperator_position=”” seperator_shape_size=”” seperator_svg_height=”” seperator_shape_background=”” seperator_shape_border=”” seperator_shape_border_color=”” seperator_shape_border_width=”” icon_type=”” icon=”” icon_size=”” icon_color=”” icon_style=”” icon_color_bg=”” icon_border_style=”” icon_color_border=”” icon_border_size=”” icon_border_radius=”” icon_border_spacing=”” icon_img=”” img_width=”” ult_hide_row=”” ult_hide_row_large_screen=”” ult_hide_row_desktop=”” ult_hide_row_tablet=”” ult_hide_row_tablet_small=”” ult_hide_row_mobile=”” ult_hide_row_mobile_large=””][vc_column text_color=”” animate=”” animate_delay=”” width=”1/2″][vc_column_text]

    Barriers and Facilitators to Adherence to Tuberculosis Treatment Among Drug Resistant TB Patients in Georgi… by CuratioCIF on Scribd

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    Factors Associated Adherence to TB Treatment in Georgia_Report_Eng by CuratioCIF on Scribd

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  • Transition Preparedness Assessment

    Sustainability of national HIV and TB programs gains importance in light of recent changes in the global health landscape when external funders are redirecting resources to poorer states while phasing out from middle-income countries.

    Objectively evaluation of the country transition readiness is a key in the transition process. With this aim in 2015, Curatio International Foundation developed a Transition Preparedness Assessment (TPA) Framework with the Global Fund financial support and piloted in four Eastern European countries Belarus, Bulgaria, Georgia, Ukraine.

    The country Case Studies present findings in a standardized way that enable country stakeholders to prioritize areas that need most attention during transition planning and implementation. In addition, the assessment findings are useful for the donors to guide the country in the transition process. These countries share important similarities that are presented in the Synthesis Report. The three countries case studies are also downloadable below.

    Synthesis report – 4 countries
    Ukraine-case study
    Georgia-case study
    Belarus – case study

  • Evaluation of UNICEF’s Contribution in Central and Eastern European Five Countries

    Curatio International Foundation conducted an evaluation of UNICEF’s contribution to the reduction of under 5 mortality in five countries: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Serbia, and Uzbekistan. The evaluation covered 12 years from 2000 – 2012 and was performed in 2014-2015.

    UNICEF’s Regional Office for the CEE/CIS commissioned this Multi-Country Evaluation, as one of a series of such exercises, to a) document progress in reducing under-5 and infant mortality and morbidity and to generate lessons on how this was accomplished; b) inform programs aimed at scaling-up evidence-based and equity-focused interventions; and c) enable better partnering with national governments to advance the child health and rights agenda.

    The evaluation was based on a Theory of Change to reduce and close the equity gap in under-5 and infant mortality and morbidity in the CEE/CIS and applied both UNICEF MoRES framework and the WHO essential health system functions approach.

    Evaluation findings are assembled across the following key areas: Impact on the health status of children; Equity; Relevance; System-level changes; UNICEF’s contribution; Sustainability

    The study found a reduction in infant and under-5 mortality and morbidity over the evaluation period, although equity gaps exist in different geographical, gender and socio-economic groups. The evaluation concluded that UNICEF-supported programmers addressed the most important causes of infant and under-5 morbidity and mortality and were mostly successful in identifying and applying the right interventions to address the health system bottlenecks.

    Key Recommendations

    The evaluation recommended to sharpen equity-focus of programming, consider not sufficiently addressed underlying causes of child mortality and morbidity and addressing persisting bottlenecks at health system and community levels.

    To learn more, download full evaluation report.

     

  • CIF Pharmaceutical Price and Availability Study (Fifth Wave Results)

    The Curatio International Foundation has released the results of the fifth wave of the Pharmaceutical Price and Availability (PPA) study in Georgia. The study set out to generate further evidence regarding pharmaceutical prices and availability in the country through the continuous monitoring of the prices of medicine. One of the chief aims of the study is to inform and strengthen health policy and contribute to evidence-based discussions around current trends and processes in pharmaceutical market in Georgia.

    The study analyzes the current, as well as the previous four waves of the PPA studies that have been conducted by CIF since 2009. The main findings of the research responds to two important questions:

    1. What is the trend of physical and financial availability for Generic (LPG) and Originator rand (OB) drugs in Georgia, and how is the treatment cost linked to the availability?
    2. How is Georgia’s pharmaceutical sector being developed after the introduction of the new prescription policy?

    The answers to these questions are available in the main findings of the study:

    Main Findings

    AVAILABILITY

    • Currently, OB availability is almost two-times higher compared to LPG
    • The observed trend in decreased LPG availability can be attributed to several factors:
      • Insufficient knowledge and/or trust in the quality of LPGs among consumers and providers
      • Low demand for LPGs among the population caused by physician reluctance to prescribe generic medicines
      • The revenue-maximizing strategy of pharmaceutical suppliers
    TRENDS IN PRICING STRATEGIES
    •  It is likely that increased competition caused by legal changes in the country’s drug laws in late 2009 determined the downward trend in the OB prices observed during 2009-2012 waves, albeit OB prices rebounded and significantly increased in 2016
    • OBs are largely imported from western countries. Therefore, it is possible that the price increase documented in 2016 can be partially attributed to the significant devaluation of the country’s national currency against the USD and Euro that began in late 2014, and continued throughout 2015. Consequently, OB prices increased in both pharmacy networks and in independent pharmacies
    • In 2015, MoLHSA initiated a new prescription policy with the aim of reducing the level of irrational drug use in the Country. The importance and/or need for prescription system introduction is unquestionable, like in many other countries; however, the insufficiency and/or lack of the necessary instruments for the effective operation of the system most likely allowed pharmaceutical companies to use this initiative to further increase their profits. This assumption is supported by the fact that while in 2012 markups were largely comparable for prescription and non-prescription drugs, in 2016, we observed significant changes in behavior. Namely, markups for prescription OBs are now 89% higher compared to non-prescription OBs, and markups on prescription LPGs are currently 210% higher compared to non-prescription LPGs
    • Surprisingly, locally-manufactured LPGs are sold at a higher price compared to their imported equivalents, most likely affording greater profit potential to local manufacturers. Along with the marketing strategies used by the largest retail networks (also linked to local manufacturing), the promotion of locally-produced drugs over imported drugs helps local producers effectively use their market power in a poorly-regulated marketplace
    EMERGING POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS

    A single policy intervention in a complex pharmaceutical market like Georgia’s will most likely fail to meet its objective i.e. a reduction in costs to the public, and improved access to pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the government needs to immediately implement a multi-pronged policy to better address the issue.

    This policy should include the following:

    1. The introduction of reference pricing on the market – the government can achieve this by learning from other countries’ (high/low/middle-income) experiences and best practices. Through observing others’ experiences, the most appropriate reference pricing methodology can be utilized to further facilitate the regulation of drug prices in the country.
    2. Encourage the use of generic prescription drugs and enforce the generic substitution in the prescription of medicines.
    3. Introduce strict rules and controls for drug promotion, marketing, education, and sponsorship gifts to doctors.
    4. Enhance pharmaceutical market monitoring to adequately adjust for weaknesses in the policy or its implementation.

    The full report is available here.

     About the Study

    The study was conducted using World Health Organization (WHO) standard methodology. The survey looked at the prices and mark-ups of 52 medicines (brand-name medicines and their generic equivalents) in six regions of Georgia.

    CIF has been conducting the PPA study since 2009. The results of the study’s previous waves were released in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2014.

     

  • Assessment of GAVI Alliance HSS support to Tajikistan

    In August 2014, Curatio International Foundation conducted an assessment of GAVI Alliance HSS support to Tajikstan to provide solid evidence of to what extent the support achieved its objectives and contributed to strengthen the health system of the country.

    The assessment aimed to identify successes, key challenges and lessons learned that may help GAVI Alliance to improve the design and implementation of future HSS support to Tajikistan and other countries. The assessment covered the period of GAVI’s HSS grant to Tajikistan from 2008-2014.

    The full report of the assessment is now available on GAVI’s website. Please visit the page for more information.

    You can also download the full report here.

  • Final Evaluation of Gavi’s Support to Albania

    After the conclusion of Gavi’s support period (2014) to the Albania, Curatio International Foundation conducted the evaluation study and assessed financial and programmatic sustainability through an in-depth analysis of Albania’s experiences and immunization programme performance before, during and after the conclusion of Gavi’s support period to the country.

    The evaluation also identified factors contributing to the sustainability of these programs and their achievements. The evaluation considered the types and quality of support received and the way in which Gavi’s support to Albania was considered.

    Main Findings:
    • The coordination mechanism between partners  established at the time of Gavi support continues to operate, although the frequency of the meetings has decreased
    • All Gavi supported activities have been continued : The Hep B and pentavalent vaccines and Auto-Disable (AD) syringes are fully financed by the Government, and are safeguarded in the MoH budget
    • Stable and high immunization coverage rates (> 95%) for all antigens included in the national immunization schedule have been sustained as of today at the national and district levels
    • Achievements in safe injection have been sustained in Albania
    • After Gavi support ended, Albania has continued to introduce new vaccines
    • The budget planning mechanism used for vaccine procurement during the Gavi support period has been maintained and institutionalized
    • The use of the UNICEF procurement mechanism for purchasing all vaccines in the immunization schedule has been sustained.

    The full report of the evaluation is now available on the GAVI’s website, please visit the page for more information.